Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (1753-1823), French revolutionary soldier. He reorganized the revolutionary armies and became known as the ‘Organizer of Victory’ for the numerous military reforms he achieved in the early 1790s. In 1814 he emerged from retirement to aid Napoleon and successfully defended Antwerp. His son Nicolas Leonard Sad (1796-1832), an army engineer and physicist, did research into heat. His `Carnot principle’ of heat engines was eventually incorporated into the theory of thermodynamics.
