Democracy
Essay : 01
Democracy is that form of government in which the ruling power of a state is legally vested not in any particular class or classes, but in the members of the community as a whole. it is a government in which the will of the majority of citizens rules without overriding the rights o the minority. The ideal of democracy is that of equality, freedom and welfare for all. it involves the abolition of very form of restriction and privilege. Ancient democracy was based on the direct participation of the masses in public affairs. Modern democracy is representative in character and it demands not only universal adult suffrage, but also the active participation of the people in government. Thus, in a democratic state, the acts of the government are in accordance with the will of the people, since they have the right to elect and remove their leaders and the right to determine the main lines of policy. Nevertheless, democracy is a matter of degree, and no complete expression has yet been given tot eh ideal of democracy.
“Our constitution is named a democracy, because it is the hands not of the few, but of many. But our laws secure equal justice for all private disputes, and our public opinion welcomes and honors talent in very branch of achievement, not for any sectional reason, but on grounds of excellence alone.” These words of Pericles uttered in the 5th century B.C., still hold good and may be considered by far the best definition of democracy. democracy is in truth, “government of the people, by the people and for the people.” Thus, if the people of Malaysia rule the people of Malaysia for the benefit of the Malaysians there is democratic form of government in Malaysia. every citizen has a share in the government of a democratic state. democracy rests on the will of the people and not on force.
Democracy implies political liberty. Political liberty consists of the right to vote, the right to sand as a candidate for election, the right to hold public offices, freedom of speech, of association, of worship and of opinion. All these secure the individual, the most fundamental right of political participation. By giving everyone a share in the government, democracy prompts patriotism.
Democracy is based on the doctrine of equality. Inequality has been the cause of all the revolutions which have changed the face of the world. Popular government resting on the will of the people and on the principle of equality are immune from all revolutionary disturbances. moreover, this form of government also implies the possibility of an alternative government in place of an inefficient one. These characteristics ensure the stability of the democratic form of government.
The greatest merit of democracy is that it elevates the character of the citizens. It demands a high standard of morality and honesty on their part. It provides for the fullest possible development of all its citizens and gives each citizen, a sense of responsibility. In a democratic society, reason governs the conduct of men and each man feels responsible for his actions. Here every person contributes some thought or feeling to the common life. Thus, democracy is not only a form of government, but also a way of life. In a democratic state, each citizen is an integral and irreplaceable part of the whole. it gives each citizen, a sense of responsibility. “When political institutions call upon him to bear a part in their working, he is taken out of the narrow circle of his domestic and occupational activities, admitted to the larger life, which opens wider horizons, associated in new ways with his fellows forced to think of matters which are both his and theirs” says Bryce.
The above principles imply that every citizen in a democratic state should have the opportunity to develop his personality. he must have access to knowledge, must be able to earn an adequate wage. The state must guarantee him the right to work as well as leisure. It must protect him from being exploited by the well-placed sections of the community or the privileged class. All these raise the important questions of education of the citizens of a democratic state. Education must teach them not only to assert their rights, but also to discharge their duties. It must teach them to think and act freely and express their views boldly. But, the system of education must guard against making the citizens selfish or overcritical. The education system must be adapted to suit the needs of democracy.
Also leadership and proper organization are other important requisites of democracy. Without proper organization, the people cannot express themselves effectively. The leader of the party must be responsible, honest and courageous. He must be able to think clearly and act boldly. He must have the ability to judge public opinion correctly. Above all, he must adhere to high principles. An unscrupulous leader might easily become a dictator and endanger democracy.
Given favorable conditions, democracy is the best form of government known so far. It reconciles liberty and authority; it imbues the citizens with a sense of patriotism; it is a government by discussion; it rests on the will of the people; it treats all individuals as equals and tolerates the opposition; it aims at giving the greatest happiness to the greatest number of citizens in a state. Under the democratic form of government, human character develops and the individual realizes his best self.
Essay : 02
Education in Democracy
Democracy means government of the people, by the people and for the people. As such the democracy cannot succeed unless the people are educated and socially and politically aware. The working of the democracy depends on the capability and activities of its citizens. Education is the only way to enable a citizen to meaningfully participate in the democratic process.
An educated person is able to differentiate the good and bad. He is in a better position to perform his duties and understand the rights. He is conscious, well informed and can understand the national problems.
This helps him to contribute his bit in the process of development at every level; right from casting vote and choosing a right candidate in the Parliament, down to the implementation of the policies and programmes within the democratic setup of the government.
A preliminary requisite of education is literacy. It is an indicator of progress of the nation. Achieving literacy has been one of the most difficult challenges in India. Since independence, the government has taken multipronged actions to spread literacy among the poor masses so that country could progress.
Today our country has witnessed a revolutionary change in literacy and education. In some parts of the country there is 100% literacy.
Likewise, the programmes and campaigns have been vigorously pursued all over the country. Financial and other supports are extended to eradicate illiteracy from India. Literacy day, week and year are celebrated in the country. These play important role in making the people aware of the importance and cause of literacy and education. Special emphasis is given to made the poor adults and rural folk, women, schedule castes to literate.
Adult education programmes are undertaken in night schools so that the livelihood of such people is not affected. Various national and international voluntary organisations, which include like Mahila Mandals, have been given support and the facilities in their endeavours in the field of literacy.
Education and literacy programmes are also implemented by postal courses, radio, television and satellite programme.
To make literacy programme attractive, these are often related to local language, culture, films, plays and cultural programmes.
The literacy and education programmes are related with the employment, vocational and economic opportunities. All over the country there had been incredible growth in the number of vocational school, colleges, universities, industrial training institutes and polytechnics.
Today there are numbers of Secondary schools, polytechnics, colleges and universities in the country. To ensure educational facilities for the downtrodden, reserved seats are kept for the schedule castes and schedule tribes.
Under the constitution primary education has been made free and compulsory for everyone. Under this the government and local bodies are obliged to run primary schools in every village or locality.
The country is today dotted with hundreds of thousands such schools which provide free education upto primary level. Reserved seats are kept for scheduled tribes and scheduled castes. The successful functioning of the Democracy depends upon the level of education, which is a must for the people.
