Category: Biochemistry 12
Effector organs Absorption Calcium enters the body in a normal diet and is absorbed across the intestinal brush border membrane. Calbindin is a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein inside intestinal …
Calcium-Phosphates Calcium metabolism or calcium homeostasis is the mechanism by which the body maintains adequate calcium levels. Derangements of this mechanism lead to hypercalcemia or …
Urea Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Normal human adult blood should contain between …
Clinical Correlation The fasting blood glucose level, which is measured after a fast of 8 hours, is the most commonly used indication of overall glucose homeostasis, largely because disturbing …
Measurement techniques Two major methods have been used to measure glucose. The first, still in use in some places, is a chemical method exploiting the nonspecific reducing property of …
Glucose measurement Sample type Glucose is measured in whole blood, plasma or serum. Historically, blood glucose values were given in terms of whole blood, but most laboratories now measure …
Low blood sugar If blood sugar levels drop too low, a potentially fatal condition called hypoglycemia develops. Symptoms may include lethargy, impaired mental functioning; irritability; shaking, twitching, weakness in …
Abnormality in blood sugar levels High blood sugar If blood sugar levels remain too high the body suppresses appetite over the short term. Long-term hyperglycemia causes many of the …
